高醫發表亞洲首篇調查報告 八成認同「變臉」亦憂風險
2021-11-14 13:00 記者 許高祥/高雄報導
▲高醫移植團隊邀請土耳及新加坡整形外科教授來台進行變臉移植演練。(圖/高醫 提供)
火災燒傷或嚴重外傷導致的顏面缺損,歷經多次常規整形重建手術後,造成疤痕累累的不完整臉龐,而無法回到正常社會生活,可能唯有臉部移植來解決了。但國人對「變臉」的認識有多少?高雄醫學大學附設中和紀念醫院外科部主任郭耀仁教授、高雄市立小港醫院副院長李書欣醫師、高醫整形外科醫師王育婍,以及新加坡國立中央大學整形外科醫師紗維夏(Savitha Ramachandran)等人共同合作,進行第一篇亞洲臉部移植觀點研究,研究結果獲刊在2021年10月份國際知名顯微重建《Microsurgery》雜誌。該研究針對臺灣20至75歲民眾進行問卷調查,有效樣本為1020份,男女比例各半、平均年齡約40歲、55%有大學教育程度,宗教信仰為佛教37%、道教36%、基督教10%及其他。
分析發現,受訪者對於臉部移植相關資訊缺乏,超過7成受訪者主要資訊來源是媒體報導;而有醫療背景者,約5成5的資訊來源是一般醫學期刊。對於臉部移植的主要適應症,有超過7成5受訪者認同是嚴重顏面損傷變形、功能缺損及顏面燒燙傷致變形;部份臉缺損,如口腔、唇頰甚至鼻缺損變形亦可。
另外,超過8成受訪者認為臉部移植後可恢復正常功能,雖然他們對移植手術後免疫及相關併發症風險存有疑慮,但認同臉部移植可為此類病患提供一線生機。高醫臉部移植團隊負責人郭耀仁教授表示,依據調查結果與歐美國家比較,雖然宗教、文化背景不同,但國人對於器官捐贈甚至臉部移植逐步認同。
目前臉部移植在臺灣仍屬人體試驗階段,其適應症主要以臉部嚴重創傷、燒燙傷或血管先天畸形,經手術仍有功能及美觀缺損、年齡為20至55歲、無嚴重感染患者、經精神科心理評估通過後,可列入等候名單;但國內器官捐贈風氣不盛,臉部捐贈勸募的困難度更高。
郭耀仁教授指出,全球迄今已完成近50例臉部移植,高醫附院於2019年通過衛生福利部核可得以進行臉部移植手術,但門診諮詢者多為癌症切除重建者,非目前臉部移植適應症,迄今尚無合適病患。
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