未來物價怎麼走 央行分析3上3下關鍵
2022-01-30 19:05 中央社訊
(中央社記者潘姿羽報導)去年第4季以來,餐飲、小吃漲價頻傳,民眾十分關注未來物價怎麼走;根據中央銀行最新公布的「110年第4季理監事會議事錄摘要」,列出影響未來物價走勢「3上3下」的關鍵。
央行盤點影響未來國內物價走勢的主要因素,有3大情況將帶來上漲壓力:
一、111年基本工資與軍公教薪資調升,可望帶動民間企業加薪,但也會使業者人事成本增加,相關商品及服務價格可能調漲。
二、國際糧食價格續升,外食費等食物類價格將有上漲壓力。
三、預期供應鏈問題持續,可能推升部分商品價格。
不過央行也列出3大因素,可能讓物價下跌:
一、111年油價與110年相當。
二、政府平抑物價措施有助於減緩廠商成本上升壓力。
三、通訊設備及通訊費率持續走低。
綜合各項因素,央行預期111年國際油價漲勢減緩,估消費者物價上漲率(CPI)及核心CPI年增率分別為1.59%、1.45%,主要機構對我國111年CPI預測值落在1.10%至2.0%。
臺灣經濟研究院院長張建一表示,今年國際環境轉佳,塞港、缺櫃等情況會慢慢好轉,使得主要經濟體物價上漲情勢緩和;我國本來物價上漲的情況就比國外輕微,農曆年後因低基期效應淡化,CPI漲幅也會跟著收斂。
不過張建一提醒,美中貿易戰、COVID-19疫情改變全球經濟局勢,各國政府愈來愈重視供應鏈在地化、去中化,再加上碳關稅等議題帶來「綠色通膨」,墊高生產成本,將改變過去30多年來的全球經濟風貌。
「過去的低通膨狀況會慢慢消失,但這需要較長的時間」,張建一表示,供應鏈在地化、綠色通膨等議題,會在未來5到10年慢慢發酵;隨著經濟結構改變,不太可能再看到過去那麼低的物價水準,但社會大眾心態也要改變,只要經濟成長,伴隨著適度溫和的通膨,其實有助帶動物價與薪資的正向循環。
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