氣候變遷尚未減緩 聯合國IPCC呼籲全球攜手抗暖化
2023-3-21 記者田靖／編譯
全球氣溫已上升到比工業化前水平高1.1度（圖＿unsplash）。
聯合國旗下的氣候變遷研究小組（IPCC） ，本月13日至19日於瑞士因特拉肯召開第58屆會議，並公布第六次評估報告。報告指出，因為溫室氣體排放量持續上升，距離2018年巴黎協定中的重要目標－「 將全球溫度控制在與前工業時代相比最多攝氏2度內，且努力追求升溫幅度減至攝氏1.5度內」愈來愈遠。報告指出，全球氣溫已上升到比工業化前水平高1.1度，導致極端氣候盛行，威脅到糧食與水的安全性，甚至引發大規模的衝突 。
IPCC 最新評估報告指出，2030 年必須比2010年減少一半碳排放，才能將地球的升溫控制在 1.5°C 內（圖＿IPCC）。
IPCC主席 Hoesung Lee 表示：「這份報告帶來希望，也提出警告，警告是我們迄今所做的不足以降低氣候變遷造成的影響。希望則是，我們掌握了相關的技術與方法。從 2010 年到 2019 年，太陽能和鋰離子電池的單位成本下降了 85%，而風能成本下降了 55%。在許多地區，建設新的再生能源比運營現有的燃煤電廠更便宜。」
IPCC 的科學家崔索斯（Christopher Trisos）指出，居住在非正式地區（informal settlements）（貧民區、非法的、不受政府保護的地區）的人們會首先受到衝擊。報告作者之一的穆克吉（Aditi Mukherji）補充說明：「在這些受極端氣候嚴重影響的地區，洪水、乾旱和暴風的發生導致死亡人數增加了 15 倍。 」
IPCC 強調：「我們擁有足夠的資金以及技術來面對氣候變遷的難關，但需要全世界立即展開行動，一步步降低阻礙，例如停止化石燃料補貼和制定碳定價，這些行動都會為解決氣候變遷帶來正面影響。 」
針對研究結果，國立中興大學生命科學系特聘教授林幸助表示：「較工業革命前控制升溫1.5°C是一般公認的保險門檻，超過此門檻，許多生態系統將難以回復。2011-2020年全球地表平均溫度已比1850至1900年間高出1.1°C，地球已經沒有太多空間容納更多溫室氣體的排放。這些氣候變遷的負面影響對於中低緯度地區，像是臺灣會帶來嚴重衝擊，例如漁業與水產養殖業的損失，全球包含台灣在內需要立即採取更積極的減碳行動。
參考資料：
IPCC新聞稿 ：https://www.ipcc.ch/2023/03/20/press-release-ar6-synthesis-report/
IPCC AR6 報告 ：https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar6/
Vox：https://www.vox.com/climate/23648274/climate-change-report-ipcc-ar6-warming-overshoot
台灣科技媒體中心：https://smctw.tw/15420/
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