氣候變遷尚未減緩 聯合國IPCC呼籲全球攜手抗暖化

2023-3-21  記者田靖/編譯

全球氣溫已上升到比工業化前水平高1.1度(圖_unsplash)。

聯合國旗下的氣候變遷研究小組(IPCC) ,本月13日至19日於瑞士因特拉肯召開第58屆會議,並公布第六次評估報告。報告指出,因為溫室氣體排放量持續上升,距離2018年巴黎協定中的重要目標-「 將全球溫度控制在與前工業時代相比最多攝氏2度內,且努力追求升溫幅度減至攝氏1.5度內」愈來愈遠。報告指出,全球氣溫已上升到比工業化前水平高1.1度,導致極端氣候盛行,威脅到糧食與水的安全性,甚至引發大規模的衝突 。

IPCC 最新評估報告指出,2030 年必須比2010年減少一半碳排放,才能將地球的升溫控制在 1.5°C 內(圖_IPCC)。

IPCC主席 Hoesung Lee 表示:「這份報告帶來希望,也提出警告,警告是我們迄今所做的不足以降低氣候變遷造成的影響。希望則是,我們掌握了相關的技術與方法。2010 年到 2019 年,太陽能和鋰離子電池的單位成本下降了 85%,而風能成本下降了 55%。在許多地區,建設新的再生能源比運營現有的燃煤電廠更便宜。」

IPCC 的科學家崔索斯(Christopher Trisos)指出,居住在非正式地區(informal settlements)(貧民區、非法的、不受政府保護的地區)的人們會首先受到衝擊。報告作者之一的穆克吉(Aditi Mukherji)補充說明:「在這些受極端氣候嚴重影響的地區,洪水、乾旱和暴風的發生導致死亡人數增加了 15 倍。 」

IPCC 強調:我們擁有足夠的資金以及技術來面對氣候變遷的難關,但需要全世界立即展開行動,一步步降低阻礙,例如停止化石燃料補貼和制定碳定價,這些行動都會為解決氣候變遷帶來正面影響。 」

針對研究結果,國立中興大學生命科學系特聘教授林幸助表示:「較工業革命前控制升溫1.5°C是一般公認的保險門檻,超過此門檻,許多生態系統將難以回復。2011-2020年全球地表平均溫度已比18501900年間高出1.1°C,地球已經沒有太多空間容納更多溫室氣體的排放。這些氣候變遷的負面影響對於中低緯度地區,像是臺灣會帶來嚴重衝擊,例如漁業與水產養殖業的損失,全球包含台灣在內需要立即採取更積極的減碳行動。

參考資料:

IPCC新聞稿 :https://www.ipcc.ch/2023/03/20/press-release-ar6-synthesis-report/

IPCC AR6 報告 :https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar6/

Voxhttps://www.vox.com/climate/23648274/climate-change-report-ipcc-ar6-warming-overshoot

台灣科技媒體中心:https://smctw.tw/15420/

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