棘手下背痛竟是薦髂關節惹的禍!

2022-12-22  記者 蘇旋/報導

奇美醫學中心復健部主治醫師董宥汝

35歲陳女士,在生產後的每次生理期來臨前,經常腰痠背痛,尤其下背痛嚴重,更是深受其擾。雖然長期接受復健治療,但症狀只有部分緩解,故至奇美醫學中心復健部門診尋求治療方式。奇美醫學中心復健部主治醫師董宥汝進行周全性結構式評估後發現陳女士薦髂關節不穩定問題,便進行徒手復位治療,後續採以超音波導引再生注射於單側薦髂關節,困擾已久的下背疼痛與不穩定感終於順利獲得緩解。

奇美醫學中心復健部主治醫師董宥汝手繪示意圖:紅色處為薦髂關節

下背痛在復健科門診是相當常見的問題,最常見的診斷可能為椎間盤突出、骨刺、腰椎滑脫等,但事實上薦髂關節不穩定及功能不佳所造成的下背痛也不在少數,尤其是女性好發下背痛的機率較男性高。根據2007至2011年健保資料庫統計,下背痛的年盛行率約15至45%,約70至85%成民眾一生至少有一次下背痛經驗。奇美醫學中心復健部統計2017年單季(3至6月)因下背痛前來求診的病人中,有高達62.5%為女性。女性因有婦科、生產、賀爾蒙影響,下背痛所造成的問題會比一般還要複雜、影響更久遠。

奇美醫學中心復健部主治醫師董宥汝執行神經肌電圖檢查

董宥汝指出,薦椎兩側與髂骨相臨處即為薦髂關節,可以配合身體彎曲、伸展、旋轉做一些小幅度的關節活動,穩定身體,同時也具有承上起下的功能,將身體上部的重量均勻分散至雙下肢。

若是長期姿勢不良、慢性下背受傷、腹部核心與臀部肌肉力量不足等,都可能導致薦髂關節附近的韌帶、肌肉、筋膜受損,進而造成薦髂關節不穩定。而常見症狀包含久坐腰酸、變換身體姿勢時會疼痛、疼痛的範圍從臀部延伸至大腿後側等,症狀可大可小,可能時好時壞,也可能嚴重影響生活。

奇美醫學中心復健部主治醫師董宥汝示範超音波導引再生注射治療

董宥汝說明,就醫時,醫師會透過理學檢查初步鑑別診斷可能疾病,再利用X光片、骨骼肌肉超音波、神經肌電圖檢查、電腦斷層、核磁共振更進一步檢查。女性的下背痛問題更需要荷爾蒙抽血檢查,再加上若為懷孕過的女性,核心腹肌與孕期間腹直肌解離等等的問題,都需要綜合評估。薦髂關節不穩定並不容易診斷,須透過臨床判斷、徒手復位,甚至是診斷性注射來確認是否為薦髂關節的問題。診斷確定之後,再安排病人接受熱敷、電療及正確強化背部與臀部肌肉力量的訓練來改善。

超音波導引注射於薦髂關節。紅色箭頭為針,針注入薦髂關節處。

董宥汝強調,薦髂關節及其附近的構造相當複雜且構造比較深,倘若電、熱療或徒手治療的成效不佳,超音波導引再生注射治療可以協助解決薦髂關節不穩定的問題,醫師會利用超音波辨認出薦髂關節及周圍的韌帶,並於超音波即時影像下,將針與其內的增生藥劑精確得注入關節與韌帶內,達成修復的效果,並增加薦髂關節的穩定度。

董宥汝表示,薦髂關節的關節活動度不大,但處於身體的中心,一旦薦髂關節不穩定,容易往下影響到下肢、往上影響到腰椎,導致身體代償與失衡。因此正確的診斷與有效精準的治療,是相當重要的!

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