科技進步下的隱憂奇美醫院提醒關注「銦肺」風險

2023-10-14 記者蘇旋/報導

科技進步下的隱憂，奇美醫院提醒關注「銦肺」風險

在現代社會，電子產品幾乎已成為我們手中必備的工具，從商務通訊到日常娛樂，手機、平板和電腦等設備已經滲透到我們的生活中。而這些設備背後，半導體產業和光電產業在台灣有著傲人的成績。但是，高科技產品中所使用的一些材料，如銦，可能隱藏著健康的風險。自從日本於2003年首次報導銦引起的間質性肺病後，全球多地包括台灣均有相關病例出現，這樣的情況警示我們，儘管科技進步為我們帶來了許多便利，但我們也必須關注可能的健康風險。對於從事相關工作的人員，防護措施和定期健檢至關重要，以確保他們不會因職業暴露而受害。奇美醫院也提醒公眾，落實個人防護，遠離「銦肺」的威脅。

銦是元素週期表的第三A族元素，原子序49，是一種銀白色金屬，柔軟且具有延展性。銦擁有獨特的物理和化學特性，具有低熔點、高沸點、低電阻、在常溫下與氧緩慢反應進而形成氧化膜、並且具有抗腐蝕性。在光學方面，它可以透過可見光並反射紅外光。因此，被廣泛應用在國防軍事、航空航太、核工業和現代資訊產業等高科技領域。

奇美醫療財團法人奇美醫院職業醫學科主任暨急診醫學部主治醫師郭婉吟指出，臺灣目前大約70%的銦以氧化銦錫(ITO)形式應用於面板等產業，主要作為面板產業鍍濺程序之靶材。

銦的暴露來源主要來自於工作接觸，在臺灣可能銦暴露包含ITO靶材製造廠、TFT-LCD製造廠、LED製造廠、太陽能板製造廠、銦回收廠、高科技產業半導體製造(磷化銦與砷化銦)。

急性暴露可能造成眼睛、皮膚、黏膜、急性呼吸窘迫症候群和急性肺損傷；慢性暴露則可能經由呼吸道造成肺部發炎及纖維化病變。過去研究顯示長期暴露氧化銦錫可能造成肺泡蛋白質沉著症及間質性肺病又稱為銦肺病(Indium lung disease)，國外更有致死案例。

依據「勞工作業場所容許暴露標準」規定，銦與銦的化合物工作場所中八小時日時量平均容許濃度(Permissible Exposure Limit-Time Weighted Average; PEL-TWA)為0.1 mg/m3。我國自2019年公告「銦及其化合物作業」為特別危害健康作業，並要求從業勞工健檢時增列血清銦為檢查項目，且須依照結果進行管理分級，當血清銦≥ 3.0 µg/L時，可被判定為第三級管理，須轉介職業醫學專科醫師實施追蹤複檢後重新分級。在銦及其化合物作業暴露下的勞工，可藉由作業環境監測及每年健康檢查的追蹤，提早發現問題，避免發生職業傷病。

呼籲民眾鑑於銦在工作環境中的潛在健康風險，從業人員應該採取特定措施以減少銦的暴露，進而確保其工作安全和健康。

1.設施設備採取的措施：

安裝遠程控制操作或更改自動化生產或處理流程：例如更改操作程序，允許工人在工作場所外進行操作；將手工操作轉變為機械化系統。

設置能密封或隔離塵源的設施和設備：例如給各種容器加蓋；將工作場所與周圍區域分開並隔離；盡可能縮小工作場所空間。

安裝局部通風設備

安裝設施保持工作場所濕潤

其他：在工作場所入口處放置粘性墊，防止灰塵逸出工作場所；在工作場所入口處安裝淋浴室(前室)；穿著防塵材料製成的工作服和帽子。

2.工作行政管理：

縮短勞工接觸時間

嚴格遵守防護具的配戴規則

勿於工作現場放置飲水及食物，以免污染而食入休息場所應置於作業場所外，休息與進食前應確實清洗臉與手。

勞工必須在現場清洗自己的工作服。工作服和私人衣物也要使用單獨的儲物櫃

3.定期執行作業環境監測

4.使用防護具：

呼吸防護具部分建議使用個人動力過濾式呼吸防護具(Powered air-purifying respirators，PAPR)

5.定期接受健康檢查

2023-11-28/通過：田靖

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