好吃蝦蝦成凶手 過敏性休克差點要了男童命
2022-07-06 記者莊兆暉/台南報導
台南一名13歲小學生某日在學校吃營養午餐時,吃到餐盒裡的鳳梨蝦球,20分鐘後突然感覺呼吸困難,還有皮膚發紅、呼吸急促、嘴唇發紫等狀況,送醫途中已經失去意識,經醫師診斷為過敏性休克,緊急注射腎上腺素、支氣管擴張劑、類固醇,緩解症狀後觀察幾天後出院,奇美醫學中心兒科部主治醫師陳威毓提醒,過敏反應可能在幾分鐘內就快速惡化,引發休克暈厥甚至致命,千萬不可輕忽。
陳威毓說,這名男童患有氣喘,經過門診追縱進行過敏原檢測,發現他對蝦特異性免疫球蛋白呈陽性反應,因不慎吃到蝦球,才引發過敏性休克,差點喪命,因此衛教男童及照護者避免食用到相關食物,同時開立腎上腺素注射筆,若出現類似情形時可以自救。
陳威毓指出,過敏性休克是一種嚴重的全身性過敏反應,症狀又急又快,症狀包括皮膚紅疹發癢、嘔吐、頭暈、眼皮腫、舌頭或咽喉發生腫脹、呼吸困難甚至低血壓、休克,若未能及時處理,在幾分鐘到半小時內就會快速惡化,有致命危機。
陳威毓表示,產生全身性過敏反應時,初期會覺得皮膚發癢、鼻塞、喉頭緊縮感、吸不到空氣、眼前發黑、冒冷汗、站不穩,這時要設法排除過敏原,並讓病患立即平躺避免昏倒摔倒受傷,求助119時立刻告知可能為過敏性休克,病患或是周遭照護者手邊若有腎上腺素注射筆且受過訓練,應立即替病患注射腎上腺素,並送醫救治。
陳威毓建議,對於曾經發生過敏性休克的孩童,應找出誘發過敏性休克的可能性物質並且避免,由家長、兒童與兒科醫師制定緊急就醫計畫,包括應隨身攜帶註明過敏物質的小卡,並由醫師開立處方箋,隨身攜帶腎上腺素注射筆,照護者須了解過敏性休克症狀並學習使用腎上腺素注射筆,若發生類似情形,及早辨識症狀並給予妥善處置。
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