冬令進補須謹慎 中醫提醒:生理期不刻意吃補 補過頭反傷身!
2022-12-15 記者 蘇旋/台南報導
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生理期不建議吃補體質的注意事項
自古以來,中華地區即有節氣之說,將一年分為二十四個節氣,每年的10月後開始轉涼,進入寒氣初啼的「寒露」,而至12月的時候,隨著立冬、小雪、大雪的來臨,一年之中寒氣最盛的在「冬至」。許多人在這個時候喜歡吃補養生,奇美醫學中心中醫師提醒:冬令進補須謹慎,生理期不刻意吃補,補過頭反傷身,得不償失。
48歲王小姐,平時容易手腳冰冷,每次生理期來潮時常感腰痠、腹痛與頭暈,甚至嚴重到需請假休息。加上年紀已近更年期,生理期來潮時間逐漸不固定,有時上班到一半就被生理期的不適感「偷襲」,這樣的症狀在冬天更加嚴重,也因此她在冬季就頻繁以麻油雞、薑母鴨補身,希望可以改善手腳冰冷、經痛等情況,但每次食用後,腹痛及頭暈不僅未緩解反而更為明顯。於是決定到奇美醫學中心中醫部門診就醫,醫師診斷後使用了通瘀化痰合併稍做溫補處方,配合飲食衛教,經過調理後,王小姐的症狀終於獲得緩解,最近幾次的生理期來潮較不會腰痠、腹痛與頭暈,手腳也不再冷冰冰,作息也恢復正常。』
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奇美醫學中心中醫部總醫師許晉嘉
奇美醫學中心中醫部總醫師許晉嘉說明,冬日常見的食補整體而言多偏熱,民眾服用時須隨時注意身體的變化。麻油性平,然而坊間麻油類補品皆配合熱性的薑、米酒爆炒或燉煮,因此麻油雞、麻油腰子等整體而言仍偏熱;鴨肉雖偏寒,但進補用的薑母鴨在使用了老薑這種大熱的藥材烹煮後整體也轉熱;一般常見的當歸羊肉湯、人參雞等也都是屬於偏熱性食補。這些熱性的食物若給燥熱、痰瘀體質的人食用後就易產生「上火」的狀況,包含較嚴重的口乾舌燥、頭暈、噁心嘔吐、血壓升高等,需特別小心。女性生理期前後體質常有寒熱虛實的變化,尤其有子宮肌瘤、子宮內膜異位的病人,在中醫上常屬痰瘀或瘀熱體質,服用後容易有非經期異常出血、經期紊亂、經血量增大、經痛加劇、頭暈等的因痰瘀而化火的症狀產生。
另外,四物湯男女老幼雖然都可以食用,同時也因具有調經、補血、活血的功效而被稱為婦科聖方,但因藥方中的當歸及熟地較為滋膩而難消化,若量大則具有滑腸的作用,因此腸胃不好、長期軟便的病人服用後反而容易腹瀉或腹脹。
四神湯是相對溫和的藥膳,具有健脾利濕的功效,但由於藥方成份中含偏涼性的薏仁,若量大造成寒性增強時,可能造成寒涼體質的病人生理期不暢、量少或腹痛較甚的狀況,因此相對較不適合生理期的女性服用。
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生理期忌吃食物
許晉嘉指出,入冬後氣溫下降,許多人喜歡吃補養生。不過有些女性不補沒事,一補就出事,例如:生理期來潮時經量突然大增、經期提前或延後、排血不順甚至嚴重腹痛。有上述狀況就要小心,可能是不適合吃補的燥熱、痰濁、以及瘀阻等特殊體質。如果有特別的生理變化,像是經期前後異常出血、經期紊亂等,也可接受超音波檢查,排除是否有子宮肌瘤、子宮內膜異位、巧克力囊腫、子宮內膜瘜肉等問題。
許晉嘉表示,從中醫的觀點來看,生理期前及行經期間較不適合進補。尤其體質燥熱或有子宮病變的病人更不適合大補,吃了恐更上火,也易出現粉刺、毛囊炎等問題。經期的飲食應該要以清淡為主,體質偏寒的女性飲食在行經前後盡量避開生冷的食物及寒涼類飲食,如:冰品、生菜、綠豆、西瓜等,以免身體因冷而引起血液循環不良,加劇經痛的症狀,也不用亂補和吃辛辣食物,建議可食用白木耳、綠豆、葡萄乾、桂圓紅棗茶、桑葚汁、牛奶、雞蛋、豬肝清湯等。平常也要注意腹部的保暖,若生理期來時腹部會悶痛,可配合熱敷或紅外線局部緩解疼痛。
醫師提醒:體質的判斷不能依賴單一症狀,切勿單純因為「怕冷」、「手腳冷」就直斷自己是純虛寒體質,應由中醫師做整體的望聞問切診察來判讀。
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