冬令進補須謹慎 中醫提醒:生理期不刻意吃補 補過頭反傷身!

2022-12-15 記者 蘇旋/台南報導

生理期不建議吃補體質的注意事項

自古以來,中華地區即有節氣之說,將一年分為二十四個節氣,每年的10月後開始轉涼,進入寒氣初啼的「寒露」,而至12月的時候,隨著立冬、小雪、大雪的來臨,一年之中寒氣最盛的在「冬至」。許多人在這個時候喜歡吃補養生,奇美醫學中心中醫師提醒:冬令進補須謹慎,生理期不刻意吃補,補過頭反傷身,得不償失。

48歲王小姐,平時容易手腳冰冷,每次生理期來潮時常感腰痠、腹痛與頭暈,甚至嚴重到需請假休息。加上年紀已近更年期,生理期來潮時間逐漸不固定,有時上班到一半就被生理期的不適感「偷襲」這樣的症狀在冬天更加嚴重,也因此她在冬季就頻繁以麻油雞、薑母鴨補身,希望可以改善手腳冰冷、經痛等情況,但每次食用後,腹痛及頭暈不僅未緩解反而更為明顯。於是決定到奇美醫學中心中醫部門診就醫,醫師診斷後使用了通瘀化痰合併稍做溫補處方,配合飲食衛教,經過調理後王小姐的症狀終於獲得緩解最近幾次的生理期來潮較不會腰痠、腹痛與頭暈手腳也不再冷冰冰作息也恢復正常。』

奇美醫學中心中醫部總醫師許晉嘉

奇美醫學中心中醫部總醫師許晉嘉說明,冬日常見的食補整體而言多偏熱,民眾服用時須隨時注意身體的變化。麻油性平,然而坊間麻油類補品皆配合熱性的薑、米酒爆炒或燉煮,因此麻油雞、麻油腰子等整體而言仍偏熱;鴨肉雖偏寒,但進補用的薑母鴨在使用了老薑這種大熱的藥材烹煮後整體也轉熱;一般常見的當歸羊肉湯、人參雞等也都是屬於偏熱性食補。這些熱性的食物若給燥熱、痰瘀體質的人食用後就易產生「上火」的狀況,包含較嚴重的口乾舌燥、頭暈、噁心嘔吐、血壓升高等,需特別小心。女性生理期前後體質常有寒熱虛實的變化,尤其有子宮肌瘤、子宮內膜異位的病人,在中醫上常屬痰瘀或瘀熱體質,服用後容易有非經期異常出血、經期紊亂、經血量增大、經痛加劇、頭暈等的因痰瘀而化火的症狀產生。

另外,四物湯男女老幼雖然都可以食用,同時也因具有調經、補血、活血的功效而被稱為婦科聖方,但因藥方中的當歸及熟地較為滋膩而難消化,若量大則具有滑腸的作用,因此腸胃不好、長期軟便的病人服用後反而容易腹瀉或腹脹。

四神湯是相對溫和的藥膳,具有健脾利濕的功效,但由於藥方成份中含偏涼性的薏仁,若量大造成寒性增強時,可能造成寒涼體質的病人生理期不暢、量少或腹痛較甚的狀況,因此相對較不適合生理期的女性服用。

生理期忌吃食物

許晉嘉指出,入冬後氣溫下降,許多人喜歡吃補養生。不過有些女性不補沒事,一補就出事,例如:生理期來潮時經量突然大增、經期提前或延後、排血不順甚至嚴重腹痛。有上述狀況就要小心,可能是不適合吃補的燥熱、痰濁、以及瘀阻等特殊體質。如果有特別的生理變化,像是經期前後異常出血、經期紊亂等,也可接受超音波檢查,排除是否有子宮肌瘤、子宮內膜異位、巧克力囊腫、子宮內膜瘜肉等問題。

許晉嘉表示,從中醫的觀點來看,生理期前及行經期間較不適合進補。尤其體質燥熱或有子宮病變的病人更不適合大補,吃了恐更上火,也易出現粉刺、毛囊炎等問題。經期的飲食應該要以清淡為主,體質偏寒的女性飲食在行經前後盡量避開生冷的食物及寒涼類飲食,如:冰品、生菜、綠豆、西瓜等,以免身體因冷而引起血液循環不良,加劇經痛的症狀,也不用亂補和吃辛辣食物,建議可食用白木耳、綠豆、葡萄乾、桂圓紅棗茶、桑葚汁、牛奶、雞蛋、豬肝清湯等。平常也要注意腹部的保暖,若生理期來時腹部會悶痛,可配合熱敷或紅外線局部緩解疼痛。

醫師提醒:體質的判斷不能依賴單一症狀,切勿單純因為「怕冷」、「手腳冷」就直斷自己是純虛寒體質,應由中醫師做整體的望聞問切診察來判讀。

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