冬令進補須謹慎 中醫提醒：生理期不刻意吃補 補過頭反傷身！
2022-12-15 記者 蘇旋/台南報導
生理期不建議吃補體質的注意事項
自古以來，中華地區即有節氣之說，將一年分為二十四個節氣，每年的10月後開始轉涼，進入寒氣初啼的「寒露」，而至12月的時候，隨著立冬、小雪、大雪的來臨，一年之中寒氣最盛的在「冬至」。許多人在這個時候喜歡吃補養生，奇美醫學中心中醫師提醒：冬令進補須謹慎，生理期不刻意吃補，補過頭反傷身，得不償失。
48歲王小姐，平時容易手腳冰冷，每次生理期來潮時常感腰痠、腹痛與頭暈，甚至嚴重到需請假休息。加上年紀已近更年期，生理期來潮時間逐漸不固定，有時上班到一半就被生理期的不適感「偷襲」，這樣的症狀在冬天更加嚴重，也因此她在冬季就頻繁以麻油雞、薑母鴨補身，希望可以改善手腳冰冷、經痛等情況，但每次食用後，腹痛及頭暈不僅未緩解反而更為明顯。於是決定到奇美醫學中心中醫部門診就醫，醫師診斷後使用了通瘀化痰合併稍做溫補處方，配合飲食衛教，經過調理後，王小姐的症狀終於獲得緩解，最近幾次的生理期來潮較不會腰痠、腹痛與頭暈，手腳也不再冷冰冰，作息也恢復正常。』
奇美醫學中心中醫部總醫師許晉嘉
奇美醫學中心中醫部總醫師許晉嘉說明，冬日常見的食補整體而言多偏熱，民眾服用時須隨時注意身體的變化。麻油性平，然而坊間麻油類補品皆配合熱性的薑、米酒爆炒或燉煮，因此麻油雞、麻油腰子等整體而言仍偏熱；鴨肉雖偏寒，但進補用的薑母鴨在使用了老薑這種大熱的藥材烹煮後整體也轉熱；一般常見的當歸羊肉湯、人參雞等也都是屬於偏熱性食補。這些熱性的食物若給燥熱、痰瘀體質的人食用後就易產生「上火」的狀況，包含較嚴重的口乾舌燥、頭暈、噁心嘔吐、血壓升高等，需特別小心。女性生理期前後體質常有寒熱虛實的變化，尤其有子宮肌瘤、子宮內膜異位的病人，在中醫上常屬痰瘀或瘀熱體質，服用後容易有非經期異常出血、經期紊亂、經血量增大、經痛加劇、頭暈等的因痰瘀而化火的症狀產生。
另外，四物湯男女老幼雖然都可以食用，同時也因具有調經、補血、活血的功效而被稱為婦科聖方，但因藥方中的當歸及熟地較為滋膩而難消化，若量大則具有滑腸的作用，因此腸胃不好、長期軟便的病人服用後反而容易腹瀉或腹脹。
四神湯是相對溫和的藥膳，具有健脾利濕的功效，但由於藥方成份中含偏涼性的薏仁，若量大造成寒性增強時，可能造成寒涼體質的病人生理期不暢、量少或腹痛較甚的狀況，因此相對較不適合生理期的女性服用。
生理期忌吃食物
許晉嘉指出，入冬後氣溫下降，許多人喜歡吃補養生。不過有些女性不補沒事，一補就出事，例如：生理期來潮時經量突然大增、經期提前或延後、排血不順甚至嚴重腹痛。有上述狀況就要小心，可能是不適合吃補的燥熱、痰濁、以及瘀阻等特殊體質。如果有特別的生理變化，像是經期前後異常出血、經期紊亂等，也可接受超音波檢查，排除是否有子宮肌瘤、子宮內膜異位、巧克力囊腫、子宮內膜瘜肉等問題。
許晉嘉表示，從中醫的觀點來看，生理期前及行經期間較不適合進補。尤其體質燥熱或有子宮病變的病人更不適合大補，吃了恐更上火，也易出現粉刺、毛囊炎等問題。經期的飲食應該要以清淡為主，體質偏寒的女性飲食在行經前後盡量避開生冷的食物及寒涼類飲食，如：冰品、生菜、綠豆、西瓜等，以免身體因冷而引起血液循環不良，加劇經痛的症狀，也不用亂補和吃辛辣食物，建議可食用白木耳、綠豆、葡萄乾、桂圓紅棗茶、桑葚汁、牛奶、雞蛋、豬肝清湯等。平常也要注意腹部的保暖，若生理期來時腹部會悶痛，可配合熱敷或紅外線局部緩解疼痛。
醫師提醒：體質的判斷不能依賴單一症狀，切勿單純因為「怕冷」、「手腳冷」就直斷自己是純虛寒體質，應由中醫師做整體的望聞問切診察來判讀。
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