癌症術後水腫變「大象腿」 微創淋巴管靜脈吻合術改善效果好
2022-07-15 記者莊兆暉/台南報導
南市一名年近6旬的女性因右手腫脹合併疼痛日益加劇,前往奇美醫學中心診治,一般及消化系外科主治醫師陳漢坤替她檢查後發現,竟是右乳癌合併腋下淋巴轉移引發右手臂淋巴水腫,在第1階段乳癌治療後,接著進行淋巴靜脈吻合術,目前淋巴水腫情況已大幅改善,也接受癌症後續階段治療中。
陳漢坤指出,癌症手術為了防止癌細胞經由淋巴系統擴散,術中會切除惡性腫瘤附近的淋巴結,包括乳癌、婦科癌症、黑色素瘤、惡性肉瘤、攝護腺癌及頭頸部癌等癌症手術,會因此引起淋巴水腫(Lymphedema)的後遺症,若癌症引發淋巴轉移嚴重影響系統原先功能,部分病人也會出現淋巴水腫問題。
陳漢坤說,淋巴水腫最初症狀不明顯,可能只有無法形容的疼痛、麻木或是腫脹感,最快術後2至3個月即會發作,平均發作時間約為2到5年,若進展到中期時,患側的肢體會更腫,且不容易消腫,一旦進入中後期,患側會比另一邊明顯粗一圈,且關節處變腫和皮膚角質化使得行動不靈活,淋巴水腫處容易造成感染併發蜂窩性組織炎,如果沒有得到妥善的治療,到淋巴水腫晚期患肢嚴重變形,就是俗稱的「大象腿」。
目前淋巴水腫的治療,早期以整合式物理治療達到復健效果,若已是淋巴水腫中期,就需要進行手術,目前主要手術方式有淋巴腺自體移植手術、抽脂手術及淋巴管靜脈昒合術等3種。
陳漢坤說,淋巴管靜脈吻合術在國外已相當普及,是利用原本的淋巴管路,將淋巴系統回收水分的路徑導回到心臟的微小靜脈,恢復回收肢體組織液的功能,屬微創手術,可全身或局部麻醉、僅需要數個1至2公分不等的小傷口,術後併發症少,適合在淋巴水腫各時期執行。
陳漢坤說,手術效果越早期介入效果越顯著,可以多階段多次手術,也可以搭配淋巴腺自體移植手術或抽脂手術,加強消腫效果,已有淋巴水腫問題的病人,可以根據自身情形選擇治療方式,但在淋巴水腫手術後,仍須配合物理治療做後續保養,才能保有最佳的生活品質。
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