化腐朽為神奇 嘉義長庚牙科3D列印自體植牙 保留良好牙髓活性
2022-08-06 記者陳宜琳/嘉義報導
21歲陳小姐因為咬到硬物造成臼齒斷裂,來到嘉義長庚牙科求診,經醫師診察後發現牙齒已嚴重缺損無法保留,經與病人討論後評估選擇採用自體植牙,並搭配新式的3D列印技術,短短數分鐘內成功在把原本需要拔除的智齒進行移植到缺損的部位重建,術後經過一段時間的追蹤,牙齒仍保留相當良好的牙髓活性,無須再進一步執行根管手術就能維持牙齒健康,同時外觀上也看不出明顯差異,保留美觀與自信。
嘉義長庚牙科主治醫師黃依莉說明,以前病人遇到牙齒嚴重缺損或斷裂無法修補時,只能依靠假牙、植牙或是傳統的自體移植手術重建,將缺損的牙齒拔除,再靠醫師的技術,進行缺損處骨頭修型,讓移植齒可以順利卡進去缺損處,但移植齒會因為牙根暴露在體外的時間太長影響移植成功率,且移植後的牙齒都還需要做根管治療,沒辦法維持牙齒活性,久了不只是牙齒的強度與耐久度降低,同時還會影響牙齒的冷熱感受。
黃依莉指出,成人的智齒多數沒有咬合功能,且容易因為位置過於內側難以徹底清潔衍生齲齒或病變等問題,通常會建議預防性拔除。目前最新的3D列印技術,可以先將原本無用的智齒翻模列印先於牙窩進行修型,之後再將欲移植的智齒小心拔除並移植至缺牙處,最快一分鐘內可以完成移植,如果加上術前麻醉準備等,整體治療時間也能從傳統的1~2小時縮短至30~45分鐘左右,大大降低牙根暴露在體外的時間。
術後不但移植牙齒成功存活率大幅提升,經過追蹤兩年後有半數的病人牙齒也仍能維持活性,從X光片上也能發現牙根還會繼續成長,可以維持牙齒對溫度的感受及咀嚼的口感,這是在過去成人移植齒無法見到的現象。這項研究成果也已經在國際知名研究期刊BMC oral health發表。
黃依莉表示,3D列印自體植牙技術對於年輕人缺牙重建有非常大的幫助,大部分的智齒都需要拔除,如果口內有缺牙或即將拔掉的牙齒,除了進行植牙或假牙,也可以使用這項新技術,建議如果有類似的需求,可以先找鄰近醫療院所口腔顎面外科或是牙科醫師先評估,以取得最佳的治療成效。
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