炎炎夏日 艷陽傷眼加速白內障報到
2022-08-08 記者 蘇旋/報導
炎炎夏日視力模糊誤以為老花竟是白內障(箭頭處)惹的禍(安南醫院提供）
隨著夏天氣溫一直升高，日照時間更久紫外線更強，當外出民眾遇到強烈陽光照射時，反而會覺得眼睛視力變模糊。台南市安南醫院眼科中心洪純玲副院長表示，引起眼睛不適及灼熱乾燥、異物感和變模糊的原因很多，受環境變化立即影響最常見的症狀當然是乾眼症，過乾的眼睛會引起不適，如夏天吹冷氣、電風扇及日曬使得環境變更乾燥，加上補充水份不足，都會加重乾眼症狀。
洪純玲副院長說，夏季視力變模糊除了因淚膜不夠潤濕眼睛外，另一個情況就是光線變化強烈 使得 瞳孔收縮，常見原因是白內障， 尤其是後囊混濁性的白內障 。眼睛的水晶體成份多由蛋白質組成，當有害紫外線及藍光經過水晶體時，水晶體會吸收高能量 紫外線及藍光 波長來保護視網膜，避免有害光線直射眼底而傷害視覺中心的黃斑部。然而，高能量波長光線經過水晶體時，容易讓水晶體蛋白質變混濁而形成白內障，所以除了不要長時間近距離盯手機或電腦螢幕外，也要避免外出時太陽光的紫外線及藍光傷害，建議外出時最好戴上帽子及太陽眼鏡，更要避免陽光直射眼睛，長時間3C藍光也是一樣要避免。
眼科醫學中心洪純玲副院長（安南醫院提供）
洪純玲副院長指出，白內障症狀情況很多，病人會覺得像隔著毛玻璃看東西，看東西時光線會折射，還有炫光、怕光、複視疊影、度數改變、看東西會感覺變較黃，以及容易疲勞。當白內障的混濁發生在水晶體後囊中心時，遇到較強的光線使瞳孔收縮，白內障的後囊混濁又剛好擋在光線進入到視網膜的路徑之中心點，如此會造成視力突然模糊， 若是開車族 正在開車騎車時就要更加小心。
洪純玲副院長也提到水晶體會隨著年齡的增加慢慢混濁 或是一些藥物引起的副作用 而形成白內障 ，一般30歲之後就已開始有 水晶體核的硬化產生，最好的預防方法就是注意有害藍光線及紫外線的傷害，避免長時間曝曬陽光下，出門戴帽子及太陽眼鏡，減少長時間盯3C螢幕及適度間隔休息，補充抗氧化物質如葉黃素和魚油，亦建議定期眼科檢查才能了解自身眼睛最新狀況。
洪純玲副院長提醒，白內障視力模糊如有影響日常生活，建議手術一勞永逸，目前白內障主流手術為小切口超音波乳化術，取出白內障後再置換新的人工水晶體，而人工水晶體的置換有許多選擇諸如長焦段、延焦段及多焦段，都有基本紫外線防護功能，而度數的調整可依個人需求諮詢眼科醫師。
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