女子驚見七公分鹿角性結石痛到歪腰 微創多通道及雙鏡碎石手術終結宿疾
2022-09-23 記者 蘇旋/報導
一位48歲陳小姐因腎臟鹿角性結石造成右腰漲痛及泌尿道感染,到奇美醫學中心泌尿外科主治醫師李高漢門診就醫,李醫師透過雲端的電腦斷層發現陳小姐體內右側有大小約7公分的腎結石及輸尿管結石,檢查又發現右側腎臟功能已剩三分之一,於是先用抗生素治療,再進行第一階段右側微創經皮腎臟造瘻碎石及輸尿管鏡碎石手術,術後一個月執行第二階段雙鏡聯合碎石手術(微創經皮腎臟造瘻碎石手術加軟式輸尿管腎臟鏡執行逆行性腎臟內雷射碎石手術),病人治療過程順利並如期出院,目前病況穩定,持續門診追蹤。
奇美醫學中心泌尿外科主治醫師李高漢說明,大部分鹿角性腎臟結石病人平常沒有任何症狀,大多數病人是因泌尿道感染、無痛性血尿、腎功能不良就醫時才意外發現,也因此有些病人會忽略結石長期阻塞的嚴重性,因為結石阻塞沒有及時治療會導致腎臟水腫,時間一久,腎臟就會慢慢萎縮甚至完全沒有功能,後續可能引發敗血症、腎衰竭、洗腎、癌症、甚至死亡。因此結石的治療除了症狀治療之外,另一個重點是要盡量保護腎臟功能。
李醫師指出,經皮腎臟造廔碎石術主要是針對較大腎臟結石或腎盂結石的標準治療方式,其方式是直接從後腰處穿洞進入到腎臟,在目視下將結石擊碎後取出,治療效果優於體外震波碎石手術,在有經驗的泌尿外科醫師操作下算是相當安全的手術。因為鹿角性腎臟結石會佔據所有的腎盞,因此有時需要做多通道才能將結石清乾淨,但是多通道對於已經腎功能不良的病人雖然可以將結石清乾淨,卻也可能造成腎臟的進一步損傷。而隨著時代的進步,目前也有新的軟式腎臟輸尿管鏡配合高功率鈥雷射來治療腎臟結石,這部分建議用在3公分或以下的腎結石,若超過這個大小,建議要分次手術;另外擊碎後的結石碎片還需要時間讓它慢慢排出來。
微創經皮腎臟造瘻碎石手術加軟式輸尿管腎臟鏡執行逆行性腎臟內雷射碎石手術,是新的雙鏡聯合碎石手術,同時結合經皮腎臟造瘻碎石手術及軟式腎臟輸尿管鏡手術的優點,可避免多通道造成的腎臟損傷;針對經皮腎臟造瘻通道無法看到的碎石,可利用軟式腎臟輸尿管鏡的高功率鈥鐳射將結石擊碎,再透過經皮腎臟造瘻將結石清出來。手術方式可有效改善手術的結石清除率,並減少多通道造成的腎臟損傷及傷口疼痛。
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