rTMS(重覆式經顱磁刺激)-憂鬱症治療新選擇
2022-09-26 記者蘇旋/台南報導
38歲單身劉女士,為外商公司中階主管,這兩年來由於工作壓力導致憂鬱症,出現自傷、酒癮、厭食等狀況,因此至精神科診所求醫,治療期間醫師多次幫她調整藥物,但不是吃了有副作用就是覺得效果不佳,於是從高雄至奇美醫學中心精神醫學部成人精神科主任黃隆正的門診就醫。黃主任詳細了解其病史及治療經過,發現她對藥物有許多疑慮,也不想做心理治療,經討論後決定改以重覆式經顱磁刺激(rTMS)治療,經過一個療程(10次),病況明顯改善不少,不僅戒了酒,也不再有自傷、厭食的狀況。
奇美醫學中心精神醫學部成人精神科主任黃隆正指出:TMS的發展為精神醫學又增添了一項治療利器,也開啟了精神科治療大腦疾病的新頁。TMS是根據法拉第的電磁感應原理,經由放在頭上的特製金屬線圈,讓快速的電流改變進而產生感應磁場,磁場穿過頭骨於對應的大腦皮質上產生一個感應電流,此感應電流即可刺激大腦神經元。當線圈靠近頭部刺激時,強力的磁場會安全地穿過頭皮及頭骨,刺激大腦皮質,引起局部腦細胞的興奮,但不會產生任何疼痛。TMS不同於電刺激,而是利用磁場來做刺激,形成所謂的「無電刺激」,最大的好處是不會有疼痛感覺。
現今的重覆式經顱磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, 簡稱rTMS)技術成熟發展及應用,絕對是精神醫療上的里程碑,也是病人的一大福音。事實上rTMS於歐美國家已獲核准於治療藥物治療反應不佳或對藥物過度敏感的憂鬱症。美國早在2008年即由食品藥物管理局(FDA)核准治療重鬱症,而臺灣精神醫學界經過多年來的努力,也在2018年3月得到TFDA的核淮,用在臨床治療憂鬱症,也是臺灣目前rTMS唯一的臨床適應症。
在憂鬱症病人中,大腦某些區域的電性活動程度呈現減少的現象。使用rTMS聚焦電磁線,可迅速的將高頻磁場脈衝導入腦部目標區域(主要為左背外側前額葉),經由磁脈衝引起大腦中的電流,刺激細胞活躍,重新喚醒這些細胞,提高大腦電性的活動到正常之水平,進而達到改善症狀的效果。rTMS與電痙攣治療(ECT)不同的是不需要麻醉,病人治療全程是清醒狀態;與藥物相比,rTMS的療效跟藥物治療差不多,但副作用相對輕微,且所需時間短;常見的不適包括刺激處之頭皮疼痛,頭痛或悶脹感,頭暈或噁心,耳鳴等,上述副作用多半輕微,且於刺激後數小時內多可緩解。
要提醒的是,rTMS雖屬非侵入性治療,副作用較少,療效也不錯,然而目前臺灣的健保並未納入給付項目,所以只能以自費方式進行。一般療程約實施10至20次刺激,每周執行5次。
憂鬱症並非不可逆的疾病,只要適當加以治療,情況仍就可以改善。奇美醫學中心設置重覆式經顱磁刺激(rTMS),讓厭倦長期使用藥物及反覆失眠與憂鬱情緒抗戰的病人,能有更多的治療選擇,改善憂鬱症的臨床症狀及日常生活功能,避免憾事發生。
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